Mizrahi Jewish History Timeline

The destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem led to the exile of Jews to Babylon (modern-day Iraq), establishing one of the oldest continuous Jewish communities in the Middle East.

Following the destruction of the Second Temple, Jewish communities expanded throughout the Middle East and North Africa.

The spread of Islam throughout the Middle East and North Africa changed the status of Jewish communities, who became 'dhimmis' (protected minorities) under Islamic rule.

Born in Egypt and later head of the academy in Babylon, Saadia Gaon was one of the most influential Jewish figures of his time, translating the Torah into Arabic and writing philosophical works.

Born in Córdoba and later living in Morocco and Egypt, Maimonides (Rambam) became one of Judaism's most influential philosophers and legal authorities.

Many Sephardic Jews expelled from Spain settled in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire, influencing local Jewish communities.

The messianic movement of Sabbatai Zevi had significant impact on Jewish communities throughout the Ottoman Empire, including many Mizrahi communities.

Founded in France, this organization established schools throughout the Middle East and North Africa, bringing modern education to many Mizrahi Jewish communities.

British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine had varying effects on Mizrahi communities, with some embracing Zionism while others remained cautious.

A violent pogrom against the Jewish community in Baghdad, Iraq resulted in hundreds of deaths and marked a turning point for Iraqi Jews.

The creation of the State of Israel led to increased tensions for Jews living in Arab countries, triggering the beginning of mass emigration.

Nearly the entire Jewish community of Yemen (approximately 50,000 people) was airlifted to Israel.

Airlift of approximately 120,000-130,000 Iraqi Jews to Israel after Iraq permitted Jewish emigration.

Following the Suez Crisis, Egypt expelled many Jews and confiscated their property.

Mass emigration of Moroccan Jews accelerated, with many going to Israel, France, and Canada.

Following Israel's victory, the situation for Jews in many Arab countries deteriorated further, leading to more emigration.

By the late 1970s, most of the major Mizrahi Jewish communities in Arab countries had significantly diminished through emigration.

Growing recognition and revival of Mizrahi cultural heritage, music, and traditions in Israel and globally.

Israel established November 30 as an annual commemoration day for Jewish refugees from Arab countries and Iran.

Ongoing efforts to document, preserve, and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of Mizrahi Jewish communities around the world.